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<title>Plastic container</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Plastic container</span></span>

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<p><b>Plastic containers</b> are <a href="Container" title="Container">containers</a> made exclusively or partially of <a href="Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>. Plastic containers are ubiquitous either as <a href="Single-use" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-use">single-use</a> or <a href="Reuse" title="Reuse">reuseable</a>/durable <a href="Plastic_cup" title="Plastic cup">plastic cups</a>, <a href="Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">plastic bottles</a>, <a href="Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">plastic bags</a>, <a href="Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">foam food containers</a>, <a href="Tupperware" title="Tupperware">Tupperware</a>, plastic <a href="Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">tubes</a>, <a href="Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">clamshells</a>, <a href="Cosmetic_container" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmetic container">cosmetic containers</a>, up to <a href="Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">intermediate bulk containers</a> and various types of containers made of <a href="Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">corrugated plastic</a>. The entire <a href="Packaging_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging industry">packaging industry</a> heavily depends on plastic containers or containers with some plastic content (e.g. <a href="Plastic_coating" title="Plastic coating">plastic coating</a> or when made of <a href="Composite_material" title="Composite material">composite material</a>), besides <a href="Paperboard" title="Paperboard">paperboard</a> and other materials. <a href="Food_storage" title="Food storage">Food storage</a> nowadays relies mainly on plastic <a href="Food_storage_container" title="Food storage container">food storage containers</a>.

</p><p>A basic but important distinction is between single-use / <a href="Disposable" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable">disposable</a> and <a href="Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">multi-use</a> / durable containers. The former makes up a notable portion of the global <a href="Plastic_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic waste">plastic waste</a> (e.g. <a href="Toothpaste" title="Toothpaste">toothpaste</a> tubs, <a href="Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">food delivery</a> <a href="Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">foam containers</a>, most plastic bottles, etc.).

</p><p>Because of the multitude of container applications, the <a href="List_of_synthetic_polymers" title="List of synthetic polymers">types of plastic</a> vary widely. Because of the material variety (combinations are no exception), the waste will make up a significant portion of plainly visible <a href="Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic pollution</a> although some containers like bottles are <a href="Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">recyclable</a>.

</p><p>The convenience and low cost of plastics are the main reasons for their continuously increasing use. Plastic packaging can keep food fresh longer, prevent food waste, and provide consumers with a greater variety of food. In addition, goods in plastic packaging can be easily transported and distributed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plastic has replaced traditional materials like <a href="Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, <a href="Paperboard" title="Paperboard">paperboard</a>, and metal for the manufacture of containers because of its <a href="Oil_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil price">price</a>, moldability/<a href="Formability" title="Formability">formability</a>, <a href="Durability" title="Durability">durability</a> and light weight.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waste">Waste</h2></div>

<p>It is estimated that 3.4 billion tonnes of plastic packaging were created between 1950 and 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most plastic packaging is disposed of within a relatively short time. Discarded packaging accounts for 46% (158 million tonnes) of total annual plastic waste generation. Most plastic packaging waste is estimated to come from household waste. According to a 2010 survey by the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP), 73% of all plastic packaging waste in the United Kingdom came from households. Waste plastic packaging makes up a considerable portion of collected aquatic litter (15.9% in the oceans and 74.5% in rivers).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In a 2019 report, <a href="The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">The Coca-Cola Company</a> divulged the company created 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017 with <a href="Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a> creating 1.7 million tons, <a href="Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a> creating 610,000 tons and <a href="Colgate-Palmolive" title="Colgate-Palmolive">Colgate-Palmolive</a> nearly 300,000 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the late 2010s, 150 companies signed up to be part of The <a href="Ellen_MacArthur_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellen MacArthur Foundation">Ellen MacArthur Foundation</a>'s commitment to reduce plastic pollution.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h2></div>

<p>Alternatives such as cotton bags, cardboard boxes and aluminum cans often have larger ecological footprints because these use up more energy and water to manufacture and transport than their plastic equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, very few countries have facilities for recycling materials that are deemed to be less environmentally harmful than plastic. In most cases, this allegedly safe packaging gets in the natural landscape in the form of waste.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trade_groups">Trade groups</h2></div>

<p>In the U.S., the industry is represented by the <a href="Society_of_the_Plastics_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of the Plastics Industry">Society of the Plastics Industry</a>, <a href="Closure_%26_Container_Manufacturers_Association" title="Closure & Container Manufacturers Association">Closure & Container Manufacturers Association</a>, Flexible Packaging Association, and others.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_market">Global market</h2></div>

<p>Today packaging is the largest use of plastic resins, accounting for 36% (158 million tonnes) of the world's total plastic production by mass. Plastic packaging is used in the commercial, retail, household, tourism and agricultural sectors. Consumption rates vary among and within countries, with developing countries generally less reliant on packaging. In China annual plastic packaging consumption is approximately 14 kg/capita; in Europe the rate is much higher, averaging 174 kg/capita.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Asia Pacific dominated the global plastic packaging market in 2016. In second place comes North America. The pharmaceutical and food and beverage industries contributed the most to the use of plastic packaging products. During 2016, Asia Pacific accounted for more than 30 percent of the shares of the total volume consumption in this market. The <a href="Ocean_Conservancy" title="Ocean Conservancy">Ocean Conservancy</a> reported that China, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam dump more plastic in the sea than all other countries combined.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Fibre-reinforced_plastic_tanks_and_vessels" title="Fibre-reinforced plastic tanks and vessels">Fibre-reinforced plastic tanks and vessels</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_bottle#Concerns" title="Plastic bottle">Health concerns of certain non-biodegradable (fossil fuel-based) plastic food packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_and_labelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labelling">Packaging and labelling</a></li>

<li><a href="Packed_lunch" title="Packed lunch">Packed lunch</a></li>

<li><a href="Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure (container)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lid_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lid (container)">Lid (container)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_crate" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic crate">Plastic crate</a></li>

<li><a href="Litter_box" title="Litter box">Litter box</a></li>

<li><a href="Toolbox" title="Toolbox">Toolbox</a></li>

<li><a href="Disposable_lighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable lighter">Disposable lighter</a></li>

<li><a href="Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li>

<li><a href="Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li>

<li><a href="Systainer" title="Systainer">Systainer</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFEnvironment2021" class="citation web cs1">Environment, U. N. (2021-10-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics">"Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics"</a>. <i>UNEP - UN Environment Programme</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-21</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Writer2019" class="citation news cs1">Staff Writer (2019-03-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-47569233">"Coca-Cola reveals how much plastic it uses"</a>. <i><a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-15</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/business/2019/07/25/the-inflexibility-of-plastic">"The inflexibility of plastic"</a>. <i><a href="The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 25 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>. <q>Given the environmental footprint of substitutes like cotton bags, aluminium cans or paper boxes—which often require more energy and water to make and transport than plastic equivalents—new regulations could in fact end up doing harm to the planet.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51040155">"Plastic packaging ban 'could harm environment'"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 January 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHannah_Leung2018" class="citation news cs1">Hannah Leung (21 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahleung/2018/04/21/five-asian-countries-dump-more-plastic-than-anyone-else-combined-how-you-can-help/#1d663de71234">"Five Asian Countries Dump More Plastic Into Oceans Than Anyone Else Combined: How You Can Help"</a>. <i><a href="Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2019</span>. <q>China, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam are dumping more plastic into oceans than the rest of the world combined, according to a 2017 report by Ocean Conservancy</q></cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

<p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> This article incorporates text from a <a href="Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under Cc BY-SA 3.0 IGO (<a class="external text external" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Drowning_in_Plastics_%E2%80%93_Marine_Litter_and_Plastic_Waste_Vital_Graphics.pdf">license statement/permission</a>). Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics"><i>Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics</i></a>, United Nations Environment Programme.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li>Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-930268-25-4</bdi></li>

<li>Soroka, W, Illustrated Glossary of Packaging Terminology, Institute of Packaging Professionals, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.iopp.org/i4a/ams/amsstore/category.cfm?category_id=13">[2]</a></li></ul>

<pre>Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-470-08704-6</bdi>

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</style><div id="Packaging261" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br>topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_packaging" title="Active packaging">Active packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">Child-resistant packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Contract_packager" title="Contract packager">Contract packager</a></li>

<li><a href="Edible_packaging" title="Edible packaging">Edible packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Modified_atmosphere/modified_humidity_packaging" title="Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging">Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Overpackaging" title="Overpackaging">Overpackaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">Package delivery</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_pilferage" title="Package pilferage">Package pilferage</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_testing" title="Package testing">Package testing</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_theft" title="Package theft">Package theft</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">Shelf life</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelf-ready_packaging" title="Shelf-ready packaging">Shelf-ready packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelf-stable_food" title="Shelf-stable food">Shelf-stable</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamper-evident_technology" title="Tamper-evident technology">Tamper-evident</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamper_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper resistance">Tamper resistance</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Product<br>packages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Ammunition_box" title="Ammunition box">Ammunition box</a></li>

<li><a href="Banana_box" title="Banana box">Banana box</a></li>

<li><a href="Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">Beer bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a></li>

<li><a href="Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmetic_packaging" title="Cosmetic packaging">Cosmetic packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Currency_packaging" title="Currency packaging">Currency packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Drink_can" title="Drink can">Drink can</a></li>

<li><a href="Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Egg carton</a></li>

<li><a href="Evidence_packaging" title="Evidence packaging">Evidence packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li>

<li><a href="Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">Flour sack</a></li>

<li><a href="Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li>

<li><a href="Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li>

<li><a href="Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li>

<li><a href="Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li>

<li><a href="Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Pizza_box" title="Pizza box">Pizza box</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li>

<li><a href="Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li>

<li><a href="Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li>

<li><a href="Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li>

<li><a href="Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li>

<li><a href="Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li>

<li><a href="Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li>

<li><a href="Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li>

<li><a href="Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li>

<li><a href="Disposable_cup" title="Disposable cup">Disposable cup</a></li>

<li><a href="Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li>

<li><a href="Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li>

<li><a href="Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li>

<li><a href="Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li>

<li><a href="Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li>

<li><a href="Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li>

<li><a href="Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">Jerrycan</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li>

<li><a href="Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li>

<li><a href="Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li>

<li><a href="Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a>

<ul><li><a href="Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li>

<li><a href="Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li>

<li><a href="Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li>

<li><a href="Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li>

<li><a href="Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li>

<li><a href="Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br>and<br>components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li>

<li><a href="Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li>

<li><a href="Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li>

<li><a href="BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li>

<li><a href="Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li>

<li><a href="Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li>

<li><a href="Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li>

<li><a href="Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li>

<li><a href="Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li>

<li><a href="Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li>

<li><a href="Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Label" title="Label">Label</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li>

<li><a href="Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li>

<li><a href="Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li>

<li><a href="Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li>

<li><a href="Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded pulp</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li>

<li><a href="Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li>

<li><a href="Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li>

<li><a href="Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li>

<li><a href="Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li>

<li><a href="Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li>

<li><a href="Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li>

<li><a href="Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li>

<li><a href="Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li>

<li><a href="Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li>

<li><a href="Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li>

<li><a href="Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li>

<li><a href="Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li>

<li><a href="Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li>

<li><a href="Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li>

<li><a href="Converter_(industry)" title="Converter (industry)">Converting</a></li>

<li><a href="Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li>

<li><a href="Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li>

<li><a href="Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li>

<li><a href="Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li>

<li><a href="Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li>

<li><a href="Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li>

<li><a href="Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li>

<li><a href="Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li>

<li><a href="Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li>

<li><a href="Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li>

<li><a href="Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li>

<li><a href="Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li>

<li><a href="Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">Quality assurance</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Roll_slitting" title="Roll slitting">Roll slitting</a></li>

<li><a href="Shearing_(manufacturing)" title="Shearing (manufacturing)">Shearing (manufacturing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic welding</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">Vacuum packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li>

<li><a href="Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li>

<li><a href="Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li>

<li><a href="Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li>

<li><a href="Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li>

<li><a href="Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li>

<li><a href="Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li>

<li><a href="Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li>

<li><a href="Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li>

<li><a href="Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">Material-handling equipment</a></li>

<li><a href="Mechanical_brake_stretch_wrapper" title="Mechanical brake stretch wrapper">Mechanical brake stretch wrapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Multihead_weigher" title="Multihead weigher">Multihead weigher</a></li>

<li><a href="Orbital_stretch_wrapper" title="Orbital stretch wrapper">Orbital stretch wrapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_machinery" title="Packaging machinery">Packaging machinery</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallet_inverter" title="Pallet inverter">Pallet inverter</a></li>

<li><a href="Palletizer" title="Palletizer">Palletizer</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems" title="Rotary wheel blow molding systems">Rotary wheel blow molding systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Shrink_tunnel" title="Shrink tunnel">Shrink tunnel</a></li>

<li><a href="Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li>

<li><a href="Tape_dispenser" title="Tape dispenser">Tape dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Turntable_stretch_wrapper" title="Turntable stretch wrapper">Turntable stretch wrapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Vertical_form_fill_sealing_machine" title="Vertical form fill sealing machine">Vertical form fill sealing machine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment,<br>post-use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li>

<li><a href="Can_collecting" title="Can collecting">Can collecting</a></li>

<li><a href="Closed-loop_box_reuse" title="Closed-loop box reuse">Closed-loop box reuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li>

<li><a href="Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li>

<li><a href="Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottle recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Reverse_logistics" title="Reverse logistics">Reverse logistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Source_reduction" title="Source reduction">Source reduction</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category: Packaging</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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